吉林莫莫格白鹤春季行为研究

白鹤属大型涉禽,仅分布于亚洲地区,其东亚种群数量为3 750只左右;由于环境变迁,种群数量越来越少,已被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。为阐明在沼泽湿地生态系统环境中白鹤春季的活动规律以及各种行为的时间分配,于2010年4月15日～5月13日,在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区对白鹤春季迁徙期行为进行了初步研究。白鹤的各种行为的时间分配依次为:觅食占64.34%、静栖占4.42%、警戒占13.92%、游走占4.57%、理羽占11.51%、其他(包括打斗、飞行、呜叫等情况)占2.56%。成体与亚成体白鹤、雄鹤与雌鹤在行为和时间分配上有明显差异,在觅食时间上雌鹤高出雄鹤10%左右,雄鹤的警戒时间高于雌鹤。     

High-yielding and high-quality cultivation techniques of spring tobacco

该文总结了春种烤烟的主要栽培技术,包括品种选择、苗期管理、整地移栽、田间管理、病虫害防治、适时采收等方面内容。     

均质粘性土坝漫顶溃决过程数值模拟研究

大坝一旦失事溃决，对下游造成的生命和财产损失无法估计。溃坝的模拟计算能够为预估溃坝洪水带来的影响，建立下游预警系统，提前制定应急预案提供有效的科学依据，从而能够将洪水灾害造成的影响减少到最小程度。本文在已有溃坝数学模型基础上建立了针对粘性土均质土坝漫顶溃决的计算模型，可对大坝溃决过程、溃坝洪水下泄过程及上游水库水位下降过程进行水力学模拟，在论述其溃坝机理后，结合现场试验实测资料验证了此模型的实用性，对于防灾减灾及大坝失事后果的评价具有重要意义。并为今后溃坝模型的发展提出了建议。     

Management options to decrease phosphorus and sediment losses from irrigated cropland grazed by cattle and sheep

In southern New Zealand, grazing of forage crops is common practice to satisfy feed requirements of animals in winter when pasture growth is limited. This practice has been shown to cause soil physical damage and increased loss of surface water contaminants sediment and phosphorus (P) to water bodies. Strategies to mitigate the loss of sediment and P were trialled on a Pallic soil type (Aeric Fragiaquept) in the North Otago Rolling Downlands of New Zealand. All sites were irrigated and measurements were made of losses in overland and sub‐surface flow from intensive cattle or sheep grazed, winter forage crops, and sheep grazed pasture. Two mitigations (restricted grazing of crop to three hours and the application of aluminium sulphate) were assessed for their potential to decrease contaminant loss from cropland. Volumes of surface runoff and loss of total P, filterable reactive P and sediment showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the control treatments (i.e. no mitigation) with cattle crop (88 mm surface runoff) > sheep crop (67 mm) > sheep pasture (33 mm). The contribution of irrigation water to overland flow water, as a result of saturation‐excess conditions, varied between treatments with more loss under cattle crop (20% of total) compared with sheep crop (15%) and sheep pasture (11%). These differences are probably an effect of soil physical condition and highlight the importance of accurate irrigation scheduling to keep soil moisture below field capacity. Restricted winter grazing and alum application after grazing significantly (P < 0.05) decreased P losses in surface runoff under cattle (from 1.4 to 0.9 kg P/ha) and sheep (from 1.0 to 0.7 kg/P/ha) grazed crop plots by about 30%. In cattle grazed plots, restricted grazing also decreased suspended sediments (SS) by 60%. The use of restricted grazing is suggested as a means of decreasing P and SS loss from grazed winter forage crops. The use of alum shows some promise for decreasing P losses, but requires further work to determine its long‐term effectiveness and use in other soils and management regimes.     

气象条件与垂穗披碱草再生性关系的研究

利用河南县牧气观测资料 ,根据垂穗披碱草的生物学特性 ,探讨牧草的再生能力与积温、草原干湿指数、产草量的关系 ,可作为科学利用草场 ,合理轮牧的依据。     

易贡藏布江春季浮游生物群落结构特征研究

2017年4-5月对易贡藏布江的13个采样点进行了浮游生物调查。浮游植物计4门73种,各点密度变化范围为930-6840 个/L,生物量变化范围为2.124-13.21 xmg/L,易贡湖点密度及生物量最高,夏曲点密度及生物量最低；浮游动物计4门20种(属),各点密度变化范围为12-109.3个/L,生物量变化范围为1.08-12.56 xmg /L,易贡湖点密度及生物量最高,夏曲点密度最低,八盖曲点生物量最低。结果表明：易贡藏布江干流浮游动物的密度随着浮游植物密度的变化而变化,浮游生物密度随着海拔的上升而降低,浮游生物密度与水温和pH具有极显著相关性。     

高山草原绵羊放牧生态及消化代谢的研究：Ⅰ放牧绵羊嗜食性研究

利用植物显微技术镜检法和食道瘘管法对放牧绵羊采食的高山草原植物成分与嗜食性指数进行分析。结果表明，绵羊在黄草期采食植物成分比青草期多，其嗜食性指数在不同时期变幅较大，随着冬季来临，绵羊对草地植物的嗜食性不如青草期强烈，至某些植物嗜食性是相对稳定的。     

春甘蓝新品种--黔甘1号

春甘春新品种‘黔甘１号’，叶球扁圆，结球紧实，商品外观好；单球质量１．８kg；中早熟，冬性强，露地越冬栽培不易先期抽薹且丰产；叶肉细嫩，风味品质好，经济性状优良；宜作春甘蓝栽培，也可作冬甘蓝栽培。     

灌水量对不同年代宁夏春小麦光合特性及产量构成因素的影响

为揭示不同灌水量对不同年代春小麦光合特性及产量的影响，以5 个不同年代宁夏春小麦品种（系）为试验材料，在宁夏灌区4 种水分处理条件下，研究了灌水时期对不同年代宁夏春小麦品种光合生理指标及产量因子的影响。结果表明，不同时期灌水对春小麦叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用率(WUE)等生理指标均产生明显影响；T1、T2 处理，‘毛火麦’和‘宁春27 号’的叶绿素含量、Pn、WUE较高，在T1、T2 和T3 处理下其产量与其他品种（系）差异不显著。随着灌水量的增加，灌区品种（系）‘宁春4 号’、‘宁春50 号’和‘J63’的叶绿素含量、Pn、WUE高于‘毛火麦’和‘宁春27 号’且产量正常灌水条件下显著高于其他处理。因此，宁夏灌区在保证分蘖期和拔节期灌水，增加抽穗期灌水，各品种（系）既保持较高水分利用效率，又可以获得较高的产量。